PRE-MODERN CHINA	PRE-MODERN JAPAN
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
Imperial China was guided by a combination of Confucianism and Legalism. Confucius (551 BC- 479 BC): devised a system of social harmony based on self-cultivation and right relationships. Han Feizi (d. 233 BC): Late Warring States thinker who produced the basic principles of Legalism. Qin dynasty (221-209 BC): China's first, but short-lived, dynastic order.	Pre-imperial Japan was dominated by a number of clans (uji) controlled by hereditary chiefs and centered on the worship of local deities (kami) common ancestors. Yamato "State" (ca.550-ca.710) emerged as smaller uji were absorbed (often forcibly) by larger clans with ruling authority stemming from political consensus within a core group. Shoen Estate system hindered development of a central bureaucracy.
INTELLECTUAL CONDITIONS
Zhu Xi (d.1200): earliest promoter of Neo-Confucianism. The ideal world can be found in “principle (li) and the manifestation of li is qi.	Japanese society adopted more Buddhist elements. Confucianism eventually important, but native Shintoism had equally strong influence. Important cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, from which the ruling family was said to have descended.
SOCIAL CONDITIONS
The Confucian Five Relationships influenced all levels of society. Decline in women's rights by late Tang dynasty.	Rise of Samurai warrior class in 11th century produced a Japanese-style "feudal" system. Women at court retained right that women in the larger society did not.