BIO
301Students:
Here's
some stuff for you! Click on an area that you want to know more
about.
Study
Helps: Specific
- Handout(s) you should print
out
- Visualizations
and handouts required for specific lecture sessions:
- Solar
Heating of the Earth: it's uneven (for consideration during Climate lectures - Water and Air Motion,
Ocean Currents, etc)
- Elton's Pyramid of Numbers (Energy and Energetics lecture)
- Energy Pyramid Lindemann & Hutchinson (Energy and Energetics lecture)
- Biomass Pyramids Florida Bog & English Channel (Energy and Energetics lecture)
- Home Range, Energetics: Inverse pyramid of size (Energy and Energetics lecture)
- Optimal Foraging Theory (Energy and Energetics lecture)
- Photosynthesis
and CO2 concentration (consider for Energy and
Energetics lecture)
- C4
Photosynthetic Pathway (Energy and Energetics)
- Percentage of C4 grasses North America Gradient south to north (Energy and Energetics)
- Tree
Leaf Models (Energy and Energetics)
- Oak
Leaves: shade and sun (Energy and Energetics)
- Grass leaf angles (Energy and Energetics)
- Community
Energetics (Energetics and Energy Efficiency lectures)
- Energetic
Efficiencies (Energy Efficiency in animals)
- Energetics
of Grazing & Detrital Food Chains (Energy Efficiency in animals)
- Animal
Thermal Environment (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms -
note thermal gradients)
- Heat
Conduction (Heat
Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Surface
Area - Volume/Mass I: (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Surface
Area - Volume II: (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Heat
Conduction (Heat
Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Heat
Convection (Heat
Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Counter-Current
Flow (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Counter-Current
Flow: present absent (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Counter-Current
Flow: Porpoise flipper (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Plant
Thermal Environment (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Plant
Life Forms: Raunkaier (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- PLant
Life Forms: Biome & Climatic (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Boreal Forest Limits and Arctic Air Mass (Heat Flow, Heat Budgets, & Life Forms)
- Animal
Temperature Ranges (Energetics of Life Style)
- Metabolism
and Body Mass Ranges (Energetics of Life Style)
- Ectothermy
(Energetics of Life Style)
- Prodution
Efficiencies: Ectotherms and Endotherms
(Energetics of Life Style)
- Ambush
Predator: Ectotherm (Energetics of Life Style)
- Radiant
Energy Spectrum (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Radiant
Energy Distribution (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Radiant Energy: Earth & Sun (Climate & Abiotic Factors) Note the energies radiated are equal
- Solar
Energy Gradient (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Radiant
Energy Balance of the Earth (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Air
Cells: Non Rotating Earth (Climate & Abiotic Factors - see also Solar Heating of
the Earth, hypothesized single Hadley Cell)
- Air
Cells: Rotating Earth (Climate
& Abiotic Factors)
- Wind
and Pressure Systems (Climate
& Abiotic Factors)
- Tropical
Hadley Cells (Climate
& Abiotic Factors)
- Rainfall
Belts on Earth (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Ocean
Currents (Climate & Abiotic Factors)
- Milankovitch
Orbital Cycle (Climate & Abiotic Factors - note
that the present earth-sun orbital configuration could lead to an
ice-age in perhaps 1000 years)
- Ecological Niche: Multi (3) Dimensional Hypervolume (Competition & Sigmoid Growth) - Class III niche of suitable environmental space
- Ecological Niche: 2 Dimensional (Competition & Sigmoid Growth) - Class III niche of suitable environmental space
- Fundamental and Realized Niche: 2 species (Competition & Sigmoid Growth)
- Fundamental and Realized Niche: 3 species (Competition & Sigmoid Growth)
- Exponential
Population Growth (Competition & Sigmoid Growth)
- Differential
Equations I (Competition
& Sigmoid Growth - starting you into population math)
- Differential
Equations II (Competition
& Sigmoid Growth - starting you into population math)
- Logistic
(Sigmoid) Population Growth (Competition & Sigmoid Growth)
- Competition
and Population Isoclines (Competition & Sigmoid Growth)
- Lotka-Volterra
Competition Model (Competition
& Sigmoid Growth) - competition model based on sigmoid or logistic
population growth model
- Paramecium:
Sigmoid Growth & Competition
- Paramecium
Coexistence (Competition
& Sigmoid Growth)
- Shag
and Cormorant (Natural
Selection - Ecology of the Origin of
Species)
- MacArthur's
Warblers (Natural
Selection - Ecology of the Origin of Species. Foundation of
Behavioral Ecology and Species Guild studies)
- Darwin's
Finches (Natural Selection - Ecology of the Origin of
Species)
- Darwin's
Finches - again! (Natural Selection - Ecology of the Origin of
Species)
- Five
Mass Extinctions (Natural
Selection - Ecology of the Origin of Species. Marine species
reflect the great extinctions in geological time)
- Extinction
and Speciation (Natural
Selection - Ecology of the Origin of Species)
- Rose
Thrip Populations and Weather (Regulation of Population Numbers. Density-Independent
Regulation?)
- Logistic
Predation Model (Regulation
of Population Numbers)
- Logistic
Model Growth & Chaos (Regulation of Population Numbers)
- Chaotic
Growth (Regulation
of Population Numbers)
- Chaotic
Growth and Density Dependence (Regulation of Population Numbers)
- Density
Map Rules (Regulation
of Population Numbers)
- Dandelion
Biotypes (Reproductive Strategies in Populations. r & K
Selection)
- European
Robin (Reproductive
Strategies in Populations. Variable clutch size)
- Large
Young Strategies (Reproductive
Strategies in Populations)
- Seagulls
(Reproductive
Strategies in Populations. Delayed breeding)
- Sex:
Advantages & Disadvantages (Is Sex Necessary?)
- Chromosome
Repair (Is Sex
Necessary? Possible origins of sex)
- Marmot:
Harem & Litter Size (Is Sex Necessary?)
- Marmot:
Harem & Yearling Production (Is Sex Necessary?)
- Blackbird
Territories (Social Diversity)
- Territories:
Male & Female Marine Iguanas (Social Diversity)
- Starfish
Predation (Predation and Diversity)
- Starfish
Foodweb EnergyTransfer (Predation and Diversity)
- Seed
Predation - Tropical Rainforest (Predation and Diversity. Janzen Hypothesis)
- Time
as a Resource: Phenology (Coevolution & Mutualism, Hermit
Hummingbird)
- Species Diversity through Time (Species Diversity of Plants Increases Continuously)
- Niche
Packing Hypothesis (Species Diversity)
- Diversity
in Extreme Habitats (Species
Diversity)
- Foliage
Height and Bird Species Diversity (Species
Diversity)
- Simpson Diversity Index (Species
Diversity)
- European
Glaciers & Forests: Rejuvenating Catastrophe (Species
Diversity & Paleoecology)
- European
Glacial & Interglacial Vegetation Belts (Species
Diversity & Paleoecology)
- Latitude
- Area Effect (Species
Diversity)
- Biomes and Climate Limits (Biomes and Plant Communities - note pink dividing line between well-watered and water-stressed biomes)
- Boreal
(Coniferous) Forest Limits & Arctic Front (Biomes & Plant
Communities)
- Biomes and Biogeographic Realms (Biomes and Plant Communities)
- Mountain
Zonation or Life Zones (Biomes & Plant Communities)
- Continental
Drift (Paleoecology)
- Extinctions and Geological Time Periods (Paleoecology)
- Ancestral Biomes: Cenozoic (Paleoecology)
- Ice
Age World: Last Glacial Maximum (Paleoecology)
- Ice
Age and early contemporary North America (Paleoecology)
- Forest Migrations: Ice
Age North America (Paleoecology)
- Forest Migrations: Ice
Age Europe (Paleoecology)
- Butterfly Distributions in the Amazon (Paleoecology - Evidence for Ice-Age Breakup of Tropical Rainforest)
- Old
Field Succession: North Carolina (Ecological Succession)
- Climatic
Climax: Clementsian (Ecological Succession)
- Michigan
Dunes: Black Oak Climax (Ecological Succession)
- Primary
Succession: Glacier Bay, Alaska (Ecological Succession)
- Three-Strategy
Model of Succession (Ecological Succession)
- Island
Biogeography Theory: Interactive (Island Communities)
- Species
Richness: Island Size & Distance (Island Communities)
- Mangrove
Islets Recolonization (Island Communities)
- Sugarcane
Plots & Insect Pests (Island Communities)
- Plant
Colonization of Rakata (Krakatoa) (Island Communities)
- Trophic
Cascade Model (Community Persistence & Food Webs)
- Chemical
Composition: Earth Crust, Living Tissue, etc.
(Ecosystem Cycles - note that living tissue tends to
concentrate rare elements to fairly high levels)
- Hydrological
Cycle (Ecosystem Cycles - the hydrological cycle
controls cooling capabilities of plants and determines the availability
of nutrients to the ecosystem)
- Weathering Equation
(Ecosystem Cycles - Fundamental nutrient supply to
ecosystem. Note that "kaolinite" means any member of a group of clay
minerals, all related to kaolinite)
- Nutrient
cycle: Bare Ground (Ecosystem Cycles - nutrient
reservoir of plantless & lifeless ecosystem)
- Nutrient
Cycle: Temperate Forest (Ecosystem Cycles - nutrient
reservoirs and nutrient relations of temperate forest)
- Nutrient
Cycle: Hubbard Brook Temperate Forest (Ecosystem Cycles
- input of nutrients, by precipitation, and output of nutrients,
by stream outflow)
- Nutrient
Cycle: Hubbard Brook Clearcutting Nutrient Loss (Ecosystem
Cycles - loss of nutrients by clearcutting and herbicide
application to experimental watershed)
- Nutrient
Cycle: Tropical Rainforest (Ecosystem Cycles - nutrient
reservoirs and nutrient relations of tropical rainforest)
- Comparative
Ecosystem Productivity (Ecosystem Productivity)
- Terrestrial
Productivity: Moisture-Temperature Hypothesis (Ecosystem
Productivity)
- Predicted
Terrestrial Productivity (Ecosystem Productivity - compare
predictions of Moisture-Temperature Productivity hypothesis with Figure 24.1 in Smith & Smith text)
- Terrestrial
Productivity: Decomposed (Ecosystem Productivity)
- Oceanic
Productivity (Ecosystem Productivity - Low Nutrient hypothesis,
compare with Ocean
Currents plot)
- High
Oceanic Productivity: Upwelling & Continental Shelf (Ecosystem
Productivity - Low Nutrient Hypothesis, compare with Ocean Currents
plot)
- Green
Plants, Fossil Fuels, and Biofuels (Ecosystem Productivity -
Editorial in BioScience Magazine about the inefficiency of trying to
replace fossil fuels with alcohol derived from plant productivity)
- Typical
Soil Profile (Soils)
- Forest
& Grassland Soil Profiles (Soils)
- Clay
Mineral Chemical Structure (Soils)
- Clay
Mineral Micelle (Soils)
- Soil
Chemistry (Soils)
- Soils,
Biomes, Climate (Soils)
- Lakes
as Nutrient Throughput System (Lakes)
- Water Temperatures & Densities (Lakes & Thermal properties, circulation)
- Thermal and density layers in Lakes (Lakes - Epilimnion, Thermocline, Hypolimnion)
- Thermal Cycle in Lakes (Lakes - Seasonal changes in Lakes I)
- Thermal-Mixing Cycle in Lakes (Lakes - Seasonal changes in Lakes II)
- Nutrient/ion
content of Lakes and Rock Sources (Lakes - note the
dominance of Calcium and Carbonate ions in fresh waters)
- Phosphorus
Cycle in Lakes (Lakes - phosphorus and nutrient cycling
in Eutrophic and Oligotrophic Lakes)
- Productivity
and Nutrient Concentration (Lakes - note the tight
relationship between nitrate and phosphate availability and
productivity of lakes)
- Major ions of Fresh and Salt Water (Lakes & Oceans)
- Salinity
of the Ocean (Oceans - note the general process of
chemical weathering that supplies nutrients and clay minerals to
ecosystems. See where the ocean ends up being a solution of
sodium and chloride ions)
- Deep
Scattering Layer (Oceans - first evidence for diurnal
migrations of zooplankton and other forms)
- Vertical
Migrations (Oceans - note the hypotheses proposed to
explain the vertical migrations of zooplankton and other forms)
- Kelp
Forest: Cold Rocky Coasts (Oceans - dominant, highly
productive anchored plant form concentrating nutrients from currents
flowing by them)
- Kelp
Distribution (Oceans - cold rocky coasts)
- Coral
Reef (Oceans - warm rocky coasts)
- Coral
Reef Structure: algal contribution (Oceans - warm rocky
coasts)
- Coral
Distribution (Oceans - warm rocky coasts)
- Mangrove
(Oceans - warm soft sediment coasts. Note the dual
contribution to productivity - terrestrial and marine)
- Mangrove
Distribution (Oceans - warm soft sediment coasts)
- Carbon
System (Why is There Air? - Illustrates carbon's one-way trip from
volcano to limestone)
- Carbon
System & Storage (Why is There Air? Note that carbon is being
stored only at the Earth's surface)
- Carbon
Reservoirs (Why is There Air? Note that the ocean is the
largest reservoir and ultimate controller of the carbon cycle)
- Oxygen
Cycle (Why is There Air? Note portions of cycle where reduced
materials are regenerated from sulfate and nitrate, as in swamps, and
oxygen is maintained)
- Sulfur
Cycle (Why is There Air? Sulfate reducing bacteria may be
generating reduced sulfides and releasing CO2 which
regenerates and maintains oxygen in photosynthesis)
- Nitrogen
Cycle (Why is There Air? Nitrate reducing bacteria may be
generating reduced nitrogen [N2] and regenerating oxygen for
the air).
- Study guides for your exams
in
BIO 301
- Post-Exam Information:
Study
Helps: General
Some
web pages on the Internet to check out:
Plate Tectonics
Hydrothermal Vents and
Associated
Living Communities