Presentations and Questions

Pat Fairfield
Department of Communication
 
One of the dilemmas that many students have in their presentations is how to deal with audience questions when making a presentation.  Specific issues are, do I start my presentation by asking the audience a direct question, do I invite audience questions during my presentation and how do I effectively respond to questions from an opposing viewpoint.

First, questions are one way to bring immediate attention to your topic.  However, what happens when you ask a direct question and no one is willing to respond?  What happens if the response is unrelated to your topic?  What happens if your question prompts another question from the audience?  These all have the potential of getting you and your presentation off track.  I suggest that, rather than a direct question; you pose a rhetorical question - a question seeking a mental rather than a vocal response.  This starts with, "ask yourself…" By doing this, you get the audience's attention and start them thinking about your topic in a personal way.

Second, inviting audience questions during a presentation can keep them involved when time is not a factor but can side rail both you and your topic when time is a factor.  I would suggest you indicate in the beginning questions will be entertained when you finish.  When this is done, honor that commitment by leaving time available.  An example, "I have five minutes left to answer questions"

The last issue is how do I effectively respond to questions, especially from an opposing viewpoint. The goal here is to create a positive environment and maintain openness.  A three-step process is suggested.

1. Create good will with the questioner and respect for them.  Immediately defending your position will generally alienate the listener and create a defensive environment.
   
2. Reflect and restate the question in your own words to be sure you understand the question.  This also gives you time to formulate your response.
   
3. Respond
   

An example:

• (Good will and respect): "Yes, that's a (good, interesting, thoughtful) question, concern, etc."
• (Reflect and restate):"You're asking whether I support, advocate, defend……""correct?"
• (Respond): "I've talked with others expressed these concerns and after we've considered it in light…."