Rudolf Virchow

Decades: 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s - 1820s - 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s

Years: 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 - 1821 - 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826

Events

• February 23 - The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries founds the first pharmacy college.
• March 25 - Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian: Pòmòrze, Kashubian: Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany, on the south coasts of Baltic Sea between and on both sides of Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers and reaches Reknitz river in the west.
..... Click the link for more information.  - September 5 September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). There are 117 days remaining.

Events

• 1698 - In an effort to move his people away from Asiatic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards; All men except priests and peasants, are required to pay a tax of one hundred rubles a year and the commoners had to pay one kopek each.
• 1774 - First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Decades: 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s - 1900s - 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s

Years: 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 - 1902 - 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907

Events

• January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie.
• France, Loisy's L'évangile et l'Eglise

Berlin is the national capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,389,450 inhabitants (as of 2002; down from 4.5 million before World War II, and generally on the decline since German reunification in 1990). In 2002 the city's population increased slightly (the first increase since 1993).
..... Click the link for more information. ) was a German The Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the world's major industrialized countries, located in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to its east by Poland and the Czech Republic, to the south by Austria and Switzerland and to its west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. West Germany was a founding member of the European Union.
..... Click the link for more information.  doctor The title Doctor (abbreviated Dr.) is used in the United States and Germany for most people holding a doctorate. In some other countries, such as France, it is generally not used except for physicians and thus has become a synonym for "physician". In certain countries, for members of certain professions, the title of doctor may be used even when the academic qualification of doctorate is not held: for instance, in Italy, for holders of a Laureate.
..... Click the link for more information. , pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. It is a form of science that involves testing samples and diagnosing physical health problems from their evidence. Pathologists are skilled in interpreting test results and physical evidence.

See also:

• Anatomical pathology
• Microbiology
• Hematology
• Chemical pathology
• Immunology
• Cytogenetics
• Pharmacology
• Forensic pathology
• Cytopathology
• Plant pathology

Prehistory usually refers to the period of human history prior to the advent of writing, which marks the beginning of recorded history. More precisely, prehistory is the period from which no known written records (including later copies) have been preserved. In Egypt, prehistory would end around 3500 BC. In New Guinea, prehistory would end around 1900. Still earlier periods of time are usually known as geological history.
..... Click the link for more information. , biologist A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of organisms. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work. Biologists involved in applied reseach attempt to develop or improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes. Some biologists work in management positions coordinating or supervising reseach. Technicians perform specialized tasks using laboratory equipment. (U.S. Department of Labor.)
..... Click the link for more information. , and politician

A politician is an individual involved in politics, sometimes this may include political scientists.

In Western democracies, the term is generally restricted to those either holding or seeking elected office for themselves, rather than specialists employed by such people. Such a distinction is less clear in non-democratic forms of government.

Some common offices for politicians can include:

• President
• Prime Minister
• Senator
• Member of Parliament
• Governor
• Minister
• Councillor
• Mayor
• School board member

Würzburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main river, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken.

The first diocese was founded by St. Bonifatius in 742 and he appointed the first Bishop of Würzburg, St. Burkhard. The city of Würzburg is not included in Würzburg (district), but is its administrative seat. Its population is about 127,000 as of 2000.

Würzburg is the location of Wilhelm Röntgen's original laboratory, where he discovered x-rays. The University granted Alexander Graham Bell an honorary Ph.D. for his pioneering scientific work. Würzburg is also the location of the Würzburg Residence (Würzburger Residenz), a large baroque building that is designated a World Heritage Site, by UNESCO. It is also the hometown of NBA star Dirk Nowitzki.
..... Click the link for more information.  two years later, where he worked on anatomy Anatomy (from the Greek anatome, from ana-temnein, to cut up), is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things; thus there is animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytonomy). The major branches of anatomy include comparative anatomy and human anatomy.

Animal anatomy may include the study of the structure of different animals, when it is called comparative anatomy or animal morphology, or it may be limited to one animal only, in which case it is spoken of as special anatomy.
..... Click the link for more information. . In 1856, he returned to Berlin.

One of Virchows most famous rules is Omnis cellula e cellula ("every cell originates from another cell"). This relates to his findings that not the whole organism, but only certain cells or groups of cells can become sick. Virchow founded the medical disciplines of cellular pathology, comparative pathology (comparison of diseases common to humans
Humans
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Binomial name
Homo sapiens
Linnaeus, 1758

Biologists classify humans as a species (Homo sapiens) of primates and the only surviving species of the genus Homo
..... Click the link for more information.  and animals

Animals are the group of organisms that constitute the kingdom Animalia. Typically, they are multicellular in composition and capable of both locomotion and responding to their surroundings. Unlike plants, animals do not photosynthesize, instead consuming plants or other organisms to grow and sustain themselves. Most animals have a body plan that becomes fixed as they mature and, except in animals that metamorphose, is established early in their development from embryos. The scientific study of animals is called zoology.
..... Click the link for more information. ) and anthropology Anthropology is the study of humankind (see genus Homo). It is holistic in two senses: it is concerned with all humans at all times, and with all dimensions of humanity. Central to anthropology is the concept of culture, and the notion that human nature is culture; that our species has evolved a universal capacity to conceive of the world symbolically, to teach and learn such symbols socially, and to transform the world (and ourselves) based on such symbols.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Virchow also worked as a politician (member of the prussian parliament since 1861, German Reichstag 1880-1893) to improve the health care conditions for the Berlin citizens, namely working towards modern water and sewer systems. As a co-founder and member of the liberal party (Fortschrittspartei) he was an important political antagonist of Bismarck    Alternate meanings: See Bismarck (disambiguation)

Prince Otto von Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (April 1, 1815 - July 30, 1898) was one of the most prominent leaders of the 19th century; as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia (1862 - 1890) he unified Germany with a series of successful wars and became the first Chancellor (1871 - 1890) of the German Empire. Initially a deeply conservative, aristocratic, and monarchist politician, Bismarck fought the growing social democracy movement in the 1880s by outlawing several organizations and pragmatically instituting mandatory old-age pensions, and health and accident insurance for workers. He became known as the Iron Chancellor.
..... Click the link for more information. .

In 1869 he founded the Society for anthropology, ethnology

Ethnology is a genre of anthropological study, involving the systematic comparison of the beliefs and practices of different societies. Among its goals are the reconstruction of human history, and the formulation of laws of culture and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about human nature.

List of scholars of ethnology

• Yanagita Kunio

Prehistory usually refers to the period of human history prior to the advent of writing, which marks the beginning of recorded history. More precisely, prehistory is the period from which no known written records (including later copies) have been preserved. In Egypt, prehistory would end around 3500 BC. In New Guinea, prehistory would end around 1900. Still earlier periods of time are usually known as geological history.
..... Click the link for more information.  (Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte) which was very influential in coordinating and intensifying German archaeological research.

References:

• A biography of Virchow at Whonamedit.com, including phenomena named An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.

  One of the first cases was in second millennium BC, when the Assyrians named each year after a high official (limmu). Also, the eponym archon was the highest magistrate in Athens and had a yearly charge, and every year was named after the elected one (i.e.: the year 594 BC was named after Solon). In Rome, the two annual consuls could give different names to the same year.
  ..... Click the link for more information.  after him.