The Machine as a Root Metaphor--example: a lever, a simple machine that lifts,
               e.g. lift weight on one end by weight pushing other end up
       The machine provides the analogy for the explanation of nature
               it has parts -- bar, fulcrum, object ( Y, tree stump) , force or object (X, arm or bricks)--all are quantified and its
               function-depends on motive relations among the parts-how they move each other
       There is a lawful rule: Wt X/Wt Y = cm from fulcrum to Y/cm from fulcrum to X
       This rule gives a precise decription of the action of the lever when it functions as a lifting machine
              e.g. the amount of weight necessary at one end (arm-bricks) to lift and balance the weight at the other end (stump),
              for any given position of the fulcrum

Critical aspects of Mechanism:

       1. Description of the critical parts that have specified locations;
              locations and movements of these parts determine the functioning of the machine;
       2. Exact quantification that specifies primary or essential qualities of the parts (e.g. stump = wt. of Y);
       3. Relationship or law that describes the interrelationship among the parts as the machine performs its action or function
              "describe[s] the efficient law of action" that results from the movement of the parts in the structure of the machine
              -- note emphasis on structure--in Mechanism structure explains function;
       4. Other qualities are not a part of this relationship.  They are secondary qualities-not directly relevant to its action (it's color,
               or texture are irrelevant). Note: This means that some dimensions of the system are more important than others to its action. 
       5.  A passive model of  causation in which motion is produced passively by impact of external object (efficient cause)

 Questions that a mechanist must address:

       1. What are these critical parts?
       2. What is the essential interrelationship on which the outcome depends?
       3. Are their important features of the whole, that cannot be understood this way ?
              emergence
       4. Are they essential features or not? If the former, How could they be encompassed into a revision of the rule?

The Goal of Mechanism:

TO "Describe the efficient law of action inherent in the structure of the machine (Pepper, 1962)"
       note tthe emphasis on structure:  structure explains function