Canzone form is not very well defined, but has been used to designate poetic stanzas composed in the English Renaissance that are somewhat longer than was customary for a sonnet--usually eighteen or twenty lines. The models were Italian: Dante and Petrarch, among others. As used by Spenser in his two marriage poems, the form allows variation of the pentameter with shorter lines and an interlocking rhyme scheme.

                CALM was the day, and through the trembling air
                Sweet-breathing Zephyrus did softly play—
                A gentle spirit, that lightly did delay
                Hot Titan's beams, which then did glister fair;
                When I, (whom sullen care,
                Through discontent of my long fruitless stay
                In princes' court, and expectation vain
                Of idle hopes, which still do fly away
                Like empty shadows, did afflict my brain,)
                Walk'd forth to ease my pain
                Along the shore of silver-streaming Thames,
                  Whose rutty bank, the which his river hems,
                Was painted all with variable flowers,
                And all the meads adorn'd with dainty gems
                Fit to deck maidens' bowers,
                And crown their paramours
                Against the bridal day, which is not long:
                  Sweet Thames! run softly, till I end my song.
 

                There in a meadow by the river's side
                A flock of nymphs I chancèd to espy,
                All lovely daughters of the flood thereby,
                With goodly greenish locks all loose untied
                As each had been a bride;
                And each one had a little wicker basket
                Made of fine twigs, entrailèd curiously.
                In which they gather'd flowers to fill their flasket,
                And with fine fingers cropt full feateously
                The tender stalks on high.
                Of every sort which in that meadow grew
                They gather'd some—the violet, pallid blue,
                The little daisy that at evening closes,
                The virgin lily and the primrose true,
                With store of vermeil roses,
                To deck their bridegrooms' posies
                Against the bridal day, which was not long:
                Sweet Thames! run softly, till I end my song.
                                                                    --Edmund Spenser

BACK TO TABLE OF FORMS